Use apt-get as fallback for apt upgrade

In answer to #2540, `aptitude` was introduced as tool of choice for running
upgrades in the apt module and installing new packages that arise as
dependencies during upgrades.

This recently lead to problems, as for example Ubuntu Xenial (16.04) ships
without aptitude (installed).

Studying the man pages of both apt-get and aptitude, it appears that we can
achieve the effects of `aptitude safe-upgrade` using

```
apt-get upgrade --with-new-pkgs --autoremove
```

while `aptitude full-upgrade` seems to be identical to `apt-get dist-upgrade`.

We use `apt-get` as described above as a fall-back in case that `aptitude`
cannot be found, issuing a warning when it does so.

Furthermore it introduces a flag `force_apt_get` which may be used to enforce
usage of apt-get (which does not issue a warning).

The integration tests are updated accordingly.

Cf. also the discussion in #27370.

Fixes #18987

test/integration/targets/apt/tasks/main.yml

@@ -24,20 +24,49 @@
  - include: 'apt-builddep.yml'
    when: ansible_distribution in ('Ubuntu', 'Debian')
 
- - name: Check if aptitude is installed
-   command: dpkg-query -l aptitude
-   register: deb_check
-   when: ansible_distribution in ('Ubuntu', 'Debian')
-
  - include: upgrade.yml upgrade_type=dist
    when: ansible_distribution in ('Ubuntu', 'Debian')
 
- - include: upgrade.yml upgrade_type=safe
-   when:
-     - ansible_distribution in ('Ubuntu', 'Debian')
-     - deb_check.stdout.find('no packages found') != -1
+ - name: Check if aptitude is installed
+   command: dpkg-query --show --showformat='${db:Status-Abbrev}' aptitude
+   register: aptitude_status
+   when: ansible_distribution in ('Ubuntu', 'Debian')
 
- - include: upgrade.yml upgrade_type=full
+ - debug: var=aptitude_status.stdout
+
+ - name: Remove aptitude, if installed, to test fall-back to apt-get
+   apt:
+     pkg: aptitude
+     state: absent
+   when:
+     - aptitude_status.stdout.find('ii') != -1
+
+ - include: "upgrade.yml aptitude_present={{ False | bool }} upgrade_type={{ item.upgrade_type }} force_apt_get={{ item.force_apt_get }}"
    when:
      - ansible_distribution in ('Ubuntu', 'Debian')
-     - deb_check.stdout.find('no packages found') != -1
+   with_items:
+     - { upgrade_type: safe, force_apt_get: False }
+     - { upgrade_type: full, force_apt_get: False }
+     - { upgrade_type: safe, force_apt_get: True }
+     - { upgrade_type: full, force_apt_get: True }
+
+ - name: (Re-)Install aptitude, run same tests again
+   apt:
+     pkg: aptitude
+     state: present
+
+ - include: upgrade.yml upgrade_type={{ item.upgrade_type }} force_apt_get={{ item.force_apt_get }}
+   when:
+     - ansible_distribution in ('Ubuntu', 'Debian')
+   with_items:
+     - { upgrade_type: safe, force_apt_get: False }
+     - { upgrade_type: full, force_apt_get: False }
+     - { upgrade_type: safe, force_apt_get: True }
+     - { upgrade_type: full, force_apt_get: True }
+
+ - name: Remove aptitude if not originally present
+   apt:
+     pkg: aptitude
+     state: absent
+   when:
+     - aptitude_status.stdout.find('ii') == -1