docker: rename docker_*_facts -> docker_*_info (#54124)

* Rename docker_*_facts -> docker_*_info.

* Add changelog.

* Update scenario guide.

test/integration/targets/docker_container_info/aliases

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+shippable/posix/group2
+skip/osx
+skip/freebsd
+destructive

test/integration/targets/docker_container_info/meta/main.yml

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+---
+dependencies:
+  - setup_docker

test/integration/targets/docker_container_info/tasks/main.yml

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+---
+- block:
+  - name: Create random container name
+    set_fact:
+      cname: "{{ 'ansible-test-%0x' % ((2**32) | random) }}"
+
+  - name: Make sure container is not there
+    docker_container:
+      name: "{{ cname }}"
+      state: absent
+      force_kill: yes
+
+  - name: Inspect a non-present container
+    docker_container_info:
+      name: "{{ cname }}"
+    register: result
+
+  - assert:
+      that:
+      - "not result.exists"
+      - "'container' in result"
+      - "result.container is none"
+
+  - name: Make sure container exists
+    docker_container:
+      name: "{{ cname }}"
+      image: alpine:3.8
+      command: '/bin/sh -c "sleep 10m"'
+      state: started
+      auto_remove: yes
+      force_kill: yes
+
+  - name: Inspect a present container
+    docker_container_info:
+      name: "{{ cname }}"
+    register: result
+  - name: Dump docker_container_info result
+    debug: var=result
+
+  - name: "Comparison: use 'docker inspect'"
+    command: docker inspect "{{ cname }}"
+    register: docker_inspect
+  - set_fact:
+      docker_inspect_result: "{{ docker_inspect.stdout | from_json }}"
+  - name: Dump docker inspect result
+    debug: var=docker_inspect_result
+
+  - name: Cleanup
+    docker_container:
+      name: "{{ cname }}"
+      state: absent
+      force_kill: yes
+
+  - assert:
+      that:
+      - result.exists
+      - "'container' in result"
+      - "result.container"
+      - "result.container == docker_inspect_result[0]"
+
+  when: docker_py_version is version('1.8.0', '>=') and docker_api_version is version('1.20', '>=')
+
+- fail: msg="Too old docker / docker-py version to run docker_container_info tests!"
+  when: not(docker_py_version is version('1.8.0', '>=') and docker_api_version is version('1.20', '>=')) and (ansible_distribution != 'CentOS' or ansible_distribution_major_version|int > 6)