Fix remote_tmp when become with non admin user (#42396)

* Fix tmpdir on non root become

 - also avoid exception if tmpdir and remote_tmp are None
 - give 'None' on deescalation so tempfile will fallback to it's default behaviour
   and use system dirs
 - fix issue with bad tempdir (not existing/not createable/not writeable)
   i.e nobody and ~/.ansible/tmp
 - added tests for blockfile case

* Revert "Temporarily revert c119d54"

This reverts commit 5c614a59a6.

* changes based on PR feedback and changelog fragment

* changes based on the review

* Fix tmpdir when makedirs failed so we just use the system tmp

* Let missing remote_tmp fail

If remote_tmp is missing then there's something more basic wrong in the
communication from the controller to the module-side.  It's better to
be alerted in this case than to silently ignore it.

jborean and I have independently checked what happens if the user sets
ansible_remote_tmp to empty string and !!null and both cases work fine.
(null is turned into a default value controller-side.  empty string
triggers the warning because it is probably not a directory that the
become user is able to use).

test/units/plugins/action/test_synchronize.py

@@ -67,10 +67,13 @@ class ConnectionMock(object):
     transport = None
     _new_stdin = StdinMock()
 
+    get_option = MagicMock(return_value='root')
+
     # my shell
     _shell = MagicMock()
     _shell.mkdtemp.return_value = 'mkdir command'
     _shell.join_path.side_effect = os.path.join
+    _shell.get_option = MagicMock(return_value=['root', 'toor'])
 
 
 class PlayContextMock(object):